Comprehension of Pregnant Women in Outpatient Care about Diabetes Mellitus in the Pregnancy Cycle

Título

Introdução

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease of multifactorial origin, characterized by a deficiency in the production or action of insulin, resulting in hyperglycemia. This condition requires multiprofessional monitoring, especially during pregnancy, given the risk of adverse maternal-fetal outcomes. Thus, comprehending pregnant women’s perception of diabetes is fundamental to support educational interventions and qualifying prenatal care.

Objetivo

To comprehend the perceptions of pregnant women about diabetes mellitus in the pregnancy cycle.

Método

A descriptive study, conducted in June 2025 at an endocrinology ambulatory of a university hospital located in Fortaleza, Ceará. It included pregnant women over the age of 18 with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, as well as gestational diabetes mellitus. The data was collected through audio-recorded semi-structured interviews and analyzed through transcription and tabulation using Microsoft Excel. The study was approved by the institution’s ethics committee, under reference number 7.561.582.

Resultados

The sample consisted of 14 pregnant women under monitored ambulatory care at the collection institution, mostly brown-skinned, aged between 25 and 43, married, with elementary education and an income of between one and two minimum wages. The majority were multiparous, had a sedentary lifestyle and no reported comorbidities. Ten participants were aware of the possibility of developing the disease and its repercussions, usually based on experiences of relatives. However, seven participants said they did not have an adequate understanding of previous or gestational diabetes. In addition, eleven pregnant women reported having been advised by health professionals, especially nurses. However, only eight were able to correctly mention the maternal-fetal risks. The answers to the questions revealed gaps in the understanding of the condition and its influence on the pregnancy cycle, indicating the need for personalized educational strategies geared towards the reality of pregnant women.

Conclusão

A deficit in pregnant women’s understanding of the disease was identified, which can compromise glycemic control and lead to complications. In this sense, the role of nurses is central to health education, favoring early screening, treatment adherence and reducing maternal-fetal morbimortality.

Palavras Chave

Diabetes Mellitus Gestational; Diabetes Mellitus; Health Education